A clinical trial may involve a sponsor, a CRO, multiple clinical sites, laboratories, and regulatory reviewers. Each one has its own systems, validation processes, and compliance requirements.
No single organization can reconcile all of that alone.
Precision medicine is already multi-institutional. Assays, studies, therapy evidence, and review records cross organizational boundaries.
A multi-site study may combine sequencing results, imaging, safety records, and study data from systems controlled by different organizations. The study team still needs a coherent, reviewable record of what crossed each boundary and how it was used.